Pain status: individuals in severe pain reduced movement in order to

cope with pain

Psychological and social factors: acute depression leads to apathy

and reduced movement

Moisture: Excess exposure to moisture, dry skin or dehydration can

contribute to the formation of pressure ulcers. Moisture can be in the

form of incontinence, wound exduate, or perspiration

Blood Flow: Poor vascular supply means that added pressure can lead

to ulceration

Extremes of Age: Elderly and Neonates

Equipment: Equipment such as face masks, oxygen tubing, naso

gastric tubes, TED stockings , endotracheal tubes and ties